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		| alanr555 
 
 
 Joined: 01 Aug 2005
 Posts: 198
 Location: Bideford Devon EX39
 
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				|  Posted: Fri Nov 18, 2005 4:59 pm    Post subject: November 18th - Medium |   |  
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				|  	  | Code: |  	  | It always seems aesthetically more pleasing when a solved Sudoku
 grid contains just 81 digits - and NO "pencil marks". Of course, one
 can erase the latter, but that is not the point!
 
 Although the hard and very hard offer challenges at the boundaries
 for solution techniques, the "medium" puzzles offer the challenge of
 solving them without "pencil marks" or similar aides.
 
 The November 18th is an excellent example of this challenge. I found
 about half a dozen resolved cells at the start and then got "stuck". My
 first thought was then to start marking up the "Pairs" (of which I had
 noticed several) but instead of that I perservered without making any
 marks - except resolved cells. I was glad that I did because the task
 presented a number of challenges and the need to widen my thought
 process to encompass logic that usually I would have by-passed by
 making 'intermediate' pencil marks. In well under an hour I had a
 solved grid with just the 81 digits.
 
 Thus, my message is: Please do not dismiss the medium puzzles as
 not having the allure of hard or very hard. They have their own purpose
 and can provide a satisfying challenge - just keep them simple!
 
 Alan Rayner BS23 2QT
 
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		| Louise56 
 
 
 Joined: 21 Sep 2005
 Posts: 94
 Location: El Cajon, California  USA
 
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				|  Posted: Fri Nov 18, 2005 8:50 pm    Post subject: |   |  
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				| That's quite a challenge Alan.  How did you do the puzzle without making any marks?  I just looked at it and the 7's are obvious, but I wouldn't know how to do it without writing in candidates.  I can do this with the easy puzzles and I do them with a pen, but not this one.  Take me through your thought process.  I don't think I have enough brain cells. |  |  
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		| alanr555 
 
 
 Joined: 01 Aug 2005
 Posts: 198
 Location: Bideford Devon EX39
 
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				|  Posted: Sat Nov 19, 2005 4:42 am    Post subject: |   |  
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				|  	  | Code: |  	  | > How did you do the puzzle without making any marks? I just
 > looked at it and the 7's are obvious, but I wouldn't know how
 > to do it without writing in candidates.  I can do this with the
 > easy puzzles and I do them with a pen, but not this one.
 > Take me through your thought process.
 
 Thank you for your interest in this one. I had to re-do the puzzle
 and was apprehensive as to whether I would solve it again! However,
 this time I marked each cell with a sequence number as I solved it.
 
 Here is the sequence of my resolutions.
 
 r6c6, r9c7, r7c9, r5c9, r4c9,
 r9c9, r4c7, r8c6, r6c3, r4c3,
 
 r5c6, r6c1, r4c2, r8c3, r5c8,
 r8c8, r8c7, r8c2, r6c4, r4c4,
 
 r4c6, r9c4, r9c5, r7c3, r7c5,
 r7c6, r1c6, r5c5, r1c5, r3c5,
 
 r5c4, r3c4, r2c4, r2c8, r2c2,
 r2c7, r2c3, r7c7, r7c8,r9c3,
 
 r9c2, r5c1, r5c2, r3c2, r1c3,
 r3c3, r1c7, r1c8, r6c8, r6c7,
 
 r3c7, r3c1, r1c1.
 
 I do not claim that this is the most logical sequence of cells as at
 times I just spotted something rather than working logically through
 the grid. The sequence may have been different first time round.
 
 I have not included what values I set in each cell. This allows for
 the puzzle to be reworked - knowing where to look next but not
 knowing exactly what to find! Of course, it would be possible to
 check the solution anyway to find the value for each cell resolved.
 
 The following points occurred to me as possibly being a little
 bit more "difficult"  and so I will give some hints.
 
 3) The '6' in box 3 must be in column 8 (as col 9 is full for box 3)
 Thus the 6 in box 9 must be in col 9
 Row 9 already has a 6 and so r7c9 is the only place.
 
 9) The '1' in box 5 must be in row 5
 (because 1 is in r4c9 and r8c4 and r6c5 and r6c6 are filled)
 Thus the '1' in box 4 must be in row 6
 
 11) The '2' in box 2 must be in row 3 (r3c4 or r3c5)
 The '2' in box 9 must be in row 7
 (row 9 is full and row 8 has a '2' already)
 The '2' in box 8 must be in row 9
 (row 8 has one already and box 9 has the row 7 one)
 The '2' in row 9 must be in r9c4 or r9c5
 
 Now comes a rule learned from Mandatory Pairs work!
 
 "If a digit is constrained to TWO columns out of the three in a
 'broad' column in TWO of the three regions in the same broad
 column, that digit in the third region MUST be in the third column."
 
 The same applies for rows of course. A "broad" column is defined
 as the set of three regions such as r1c1 to r9c3 or r1c4 to r9c6
 or r1c7 to r9c9.
 
 Here the broad column is r1c4 to r9c6.
 There is a 2 in either r3c4 or r3c5.
 There is a 2 in either r9c4 or r9c5.
 Thus the '2' in TWO regions is constrained to TWO columns (4 and 5).
 This means that the '2' in the third region (r4c4 to r6c6) MUST be
 in the third column (here col 6).
 
 This restricts the '2' to r5c6 as a '2' has just been placed in r4c3
 and r6c6 is occupied by a '7'.
 
 NB) Users of candidate profiles may have applied this rule under a
 different name. It has some affinity to the X-wing perhaps but I
 leave that point to be explored by others.
 
 +++
 Very probably the eleventh placement was the most tricky. There may
 well have been easier ways to solve the puzzle but we each draw on
 our previous experience and my speciality has centred on Mandatory
 Pairs. With that method, binary constraints (it must be A or B and cannot
 be anything else) are both important and powerful. Thus I am used to
 recognising them (and usually recording them on the grid!).
 
 +++
 The general approach of 'manual' methods is to get all three cells in
 a line within a region resolved. This means that any other digits as
 yet unresolved can go in only one of TWO lines rather than three.
 This constraint can be used to assist with a third region - even if one
 does not know exactly where in a 'line' the digit should go.
 
 The other technique that I used was "counting". I did not note it above
 but at placement 34, I had four values missing from row 2 - 1349
 (which I counted rather than recording!). I noticed that col 8 at that
 point already contained digits 3,4,9. Thus r2c8 must be '1' - leaving
 only 349 to be found in row 2. Col 2 already had 3 and 4 and so
 r2c2 must be 9. Now row 2 still needed 34 but col 7 already had a '3'
 and so r2c7 must be '4' and  then r2c3 is the only one left and must
 take value 3. The whole row was cleared with five consecutive
 placements - just by counting and comparing the intersecting lines.
 It does not happen very often - but is sweet when it does!
 
 Hopefully this gives some ideas as to usable techniques. When I first
 encountered Sudoku I generated candidate profiles for everything but
 it became very tedious (and I am error-prone when things get tedious!).
 Thus I sought another way which would maintain the interest but omit
 the tedium. Thus were "Mandatory Pairs" born - whilst spending some
 time on a wind-swept beach in the south of France. However even that
 has its limits and so I noticed particularly a comment by SamGJ that
 many human solvers use more powerful techniques than are necessary
 in order to solve medium puzzles. The comment inspired me - and now
 the challenge is on to solve medium puzzles without pencil marks. We
 all know that they CAN be solved with candidate profiles and we can use
 then to improve our timings - but they can have another use, one that I
 believe is equally as satisfying if not more so.
 
 Alan Rayner  BS23 2QT
 
 
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		| someone_somewhere 
 
 
 Joined: 07 Aug 2005
 Posts: 275
 Location: Munich
 
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				|  Posted: Sat Nov 19, 2005 9:35 am    Post subject: |   |  
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				| Hi, 
 I am amazed what nice complicate (for me!!!) rules you have developed and your skills in applying them without paper and pencil. Bravo!
 
 I am sticking to the simple techniques, well known by everybody:
 - Sole Candidate
 - Unique Horizontal
 - Unique Vertical
 - Unique in 3x3 block
 
 Using ONLY this ones, I got by putting in the following order:
 
 r9c9 r4c9 r5c9 r7c9 r6c6 r8c6 r9c7 r6c3 r6c1 r4c3
 r4c7 r4c2 r8c3 r8c2 r1c6 r4c6 r1c5 r4c4 r2c3 r5c5
 r5c4 r7c3 r9c4 r2c7 r9c5 r1c3 r3c4 r3c1 r1c8 r2c4
 r2c2 r3c5 r9c3 r2c8 r3c2 r7c7 r9c2 r3c7 r5c1 r6c8
 r7c8 r1c7 r1c1 r3c3 r5c6 r5c2 r6c7 r7c5 r7c6 r8c8
 r5c8 r6c4 r8c7
 
 the digits into the cells - to the solution.
 
 My mother, age 84, is using them also. Successfully.
 I enjoy also climbing the mountains, without alpinist equipment.
 And it must not be all the time a 4000 m one.
 
 You are right, Alan. It's fun!
 
 see u,
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		| alanr555 
 
 
 Joined: 01 Aug 2005
 Posts: 198
 Location: Bideford Devon EX39
 
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				|  Posted: Sat Nov 19, 2005 10:39 am    Post subject: |   |  
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				|  	  | Code: |  	  | > I am sticking to the simple techniques, well known by everybody:
 > - Sole Candidate
 > - Unique Horizontal
 > - Unique Vertical
 > - Unique in 3x3 block
 
 > Using ONLY this ones, I got by putting in the following order:
 
 > r9c9 ......
 
 This had me lost on the very first cell!!
 
 I had a '3' in r9c9 - but not until the sixth placement. I fail to see
 how it can be placed as the first item - especially using JUST the
 four techniques quoted. There must be a lot of intermediate thought!
 
 Taking the bottom right region
 
 3 in r7c1 eliminates row 7
 3 in r3c8 eliminates column 8
 
 This leaves r8c7, r9c7, r9c9 as possibilities for digit '3'
 How does one know which of those is correct?
 
 Taking row 9 on its own
 
 3 in r7c1 eliminates columns 2 and 3
 6 in r9c6 eliminates column 6
 
 This leaves r9c4, r9c5, r9c9 as possibilities for digit '3'
 How does one know which of those is correct?
 
 NB: These possibilities do not overlap with the earlier ones and
 so must be treated as independent.
 
 Similarly column 9 has three possibilities (r4c9, r5c9 and r9c9)
 and I do not see how to discern which is correct.
 
 +++
 This, perhaps, exemplifies, the "different" way that our friends in
 Munchen and Colorado "see" the puzzles. They seem to be able to
 bypass some stages in the logic and reach a result where many
 other people would need to record something on the way. There
 are, of course, different ideas as to what should be recorded!
 
 In this case the "obvious" resolutions of the '7' digits is put to one side
 and what, to me, seems an obscure choice is placed. I am perplexed!
 How is it done - using just the four techniques?????
 
 Alan Rayner BS23 2QT
 
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		| someone_somewhere 
 
 
 Joined: 07 Aug 2005
 Posts: 275
 Location: Munich
 
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				|  Posted: Sat Nov 19, 2005 12:19 pm    Post subject: |   |  
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				| Hi Alan, 
 Hi Alan,
 
 
 
 Let's start from the beginning.
 Here is my initial position (hope I have it correct, as yours):
 
 
  	  | Code: |  	  | - 2 - 7 - - - - 9 7 - - - 8 5 - - 2
 - - - - - 4 - 3 7
 9 - - - 4 - - 7 -
 - - 7 - - - 6 - -
 - 3 - - 6 - - - 5
 3 7 - 4 - - - - -
 2 - - 1 7 - - - 8
 1 - - - - 6 - 4 -
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 Now taking a look at the 9-th row and at the 9-th column, I can deduce
 number 3 as the "Sole Candidate" for r9c9.
 
 
  	  | Quote: |  	  | This had me lost on the very first cell!! 
 I had a '3' in r9c9 - but not until the sixth placement. I fail to see
 how it can be placed as the first item - especially using JUST the
 four techniques quoted.
 | 
 
 Is this what you was looking for?
 
 see u, Alan
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		| alanr555 
 
 
 Joined: 01 Aug 2005
 Posts: 198
 Location: Bideford Devon EX39
 
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				|  Posted: Sat Nov 19, 2005 2:15 pm    Post subject: |   |  
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				|  	  | Code: |  	  | - 2 - 7 - - - - 9
 7 - - - 8 5 - - 2
 - - - - - 4 - 3 7
 9 - - - 4 - - 7 -
 - - 7 - - - 6 - -
 - 3 - - 6 - - - 5
 3 7 - 4 - - - - -
 2 - - 1 7 - - - 8
 1 - - - - 6 - 4 -
 
 > Taking a look at the 9-th row and at the 9-th column, I can deduce
 > number 3 as the "Sole Candidate" for r9c9.
 > Is this what you were looking for?
 
 Not quite!
 The phrase "Taking a look" does not supply any logic to my mind.
 It is as if the phrase were addressed to a blind person. I just can NOT
 "see" that '3' is the sole candidate from the data presented. Can any
 assistance be given with the "I can deduce" bit. That implies that a
 process of logic with intermediate setps may have occurred.
 
 I acknowledge that there is a problem here. The challenge is akin to
 a sighted person attempting to convey the essence of the colour red
 to a blind person. Reference to its vibrational frequency would not be
 sufficient to convey its innate qualities. We could ask ourselves how
 we, individually, came to know what the colour red is. The answer
 from an artist may well be different from that of a communist! The
 concept defies total definition but we all get near enough to a common
 understanding to be able to communicate about it - except for those
 who are blind and have never "seen" it.
 
 So it is with this Sudoku puzzle, I just cannot "see" that r9c9 must be '9'.
 Is this the basic dilemma of Sudoku - that we need some form of
 "Pauline" conversion to be able to see what is in front of our eyes?
 
 Are there two types of people, those who can "see" Sudoku patterns
 and those who are temperamentally unfit to do so - or is this a skill
 that can be acquired by directed training (just as a blind person can
 be assisted to an enhanced sense of touch or hearing)?
 
 It MIGHT help if the "seers" could explain what processes they believe
 occur in their brains/minds when the 'see' such a result - but I recognise
 that this request may be impossible to fulfil. Red is just red and no
 amount of bluster can adequately describe it!
 
 Alan Rayner  BS23 2QT
 
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		| Jim 
 
 
 Joined: 03 Nov 2005
 Posts: 3
 Location: Austin, TX
 
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				|  Posted: Sat Nov 19, 2005 3:26 pm    Post subject: |   |  
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				| By golly I think the Bavarian is right!  I am pretty new to this.  I always look to intersections of rows but that corner is uniquely a 3.  Good tip. |  |  
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		| David Bryant 
 
 
 Joined: 29 Jul 2005
 Posts: 559
 Location: Denver, Colorado
 
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				|  Posted: Sat Nov 19, 2005 7:30 pm    Post subject: I'll try to describe "Red"! |   |  
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				|  	  | AlanR555 wrote: |  	  | It MIGHT help if the "seers" could explain what processes they believe occur in their brains/minds when they 'see' such a result - but I recognise
 that this request may be impossible to fulfil. Red is just red and no
 amount of bluster can adequately describe it!
 | 
 In this particular case the request is not impossible to fulfil.
 
 Row 9 already contains {1, 4, 6} Column 9 already contains {2, 5, 7, 8, 9}. That's eight -- count them, 8 -- distinct values. Therefore r9c9 must contain the ninth value, or "3".  dcb
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		| alanr555 
 
 
 Joined: 01 Aug 2005
 Posts: 198
 Location: Bideford Devon EX39
 
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				|  Posted: Sun Nov 20, 2005 1:42 am    Post subject: Re: I'll try to describe "Red"! |   |  
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				|  	  | Code: |  	  | > Row 9 already contains {1, 4, 6}
 > Column 9 already contains {2, 5, 7, 8, 9}. That's eight -- count them,
 > -- distinct values. Therefore r9c9 must contain the ninth value, or "3"
 
 Thank you.
 Very simple - for those that have eyes to see!
 I have always seen this "intersect" as being the finding of the "missing"
 values on the intersecting line (eg finding 1346 missing from col 9 and
 spotting 146 in row 9 or finding 235789 missing from row 9 and then
 spotting 25789 in column 9). The concept of regarding the intersecting
 lines as a whole has not been part of my repertoire - probably because
 I tend to limit the range of my viewing (rarely beyond a "broad column"
 so that the dimensional sum (row width plus column height within the
 view) does not usually exceed 12. This technique calls for 18 (9+9=max).
 
 I will aim to include it at an earlier stage in the solution but I suspect
 that spotting it will not be easy for one as myopic as myself.
 
 Alan Rayner  BS23 2QT
 
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		| Guest 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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				|  Posted: Sun Nov 20, 2005 4:25 am    Post subject: Re: I'll try to describe "Red"! |   |  
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				|  	  | alanr555 wrote: |  	  |  	  | Code: |  	  | > Row 9 already contains {1, 4, 6}
 > Column 9 already contains {2, 5, 7, 8, 9}. That's eight -- count them,
 > -- distinct values. Therefore r9c9 must contain the ninth value, or "3"
 
 Thank you.
 Very simple - for those that have eyes to see!
 I have always seen this "intersect" as being the finding of the "missing"
 values on the intersecting line (eg finding 1346 missing from col 9 and
 spotting 146 in row 9 or finding 235789 missing from row 9 and then
 spotting 25789 in column 9). The concept of regarding the intersecting
 lines as a whole has not been part of my repertoire - probably because
 I tend to limit the range of my viewing (rarely beyond a "broad column"
 so that the dimensional sum (row width plus column height within the
 view) does not usually exceed 12. This technique calls for 18 (9+9=max).
 
 I will aim to include it at an earlier stage in the solution but I suspect
 that spotting it will not be easy for one as myopic as myself.
 
 Alan Rayner  BS23 2QT
 
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 I'm not quite sure what he said but I think he meant - "Woops, you're absolutely right.  I missed it."
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		| David Bryant 
 
 
 Joined: 29 Jul 2005
 Posts: 559
 Location: Denver, Colorado
 
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				|  Posted: Sun Nov 20, 2005 1:26 pm    Post subject: Re: I'll try to describe "Red" |   |  
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				|  	  | AlanR555 wrote: |  	  | ... I suspect that spotting it will not be easy for one as myopic as myself. | 
 Don't sell yourself short, Alan. We can all learn new tricks. Think of it as getting glasses! :)
 
 For what it's worth, I overlook this sort of pattern more often than I'd like. In this particular case it was easy to spot because the row and column involved lie on the edges of the puzzle. I have more trouble seeng this pattern when the intersecting row and column lie in the interior region.  dcb
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		| Louise56 
 
 
 Joined: 21 Sep 2005
 Posts: 94
 Location: El Cajon, California  USA
 
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				|  Posted: Mon Nov 21, 2005 5:38 pm    Post subject: |   |  
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				|  	  | alanr555 wrote: |  	  |  	  | Code: |  	  | 
 Here is the sequence of my resolutions.
 
 r6c6, r9c7, r7c9, r5c9, r4c9,
 r9c9, r4c7, r8c6, r6c3, r4c3,
 
 r5c6, r6c1, r4c2, r8c3, r5c8,
 r8c8, r8c7, r8c2, r6c4, r4c4,
 
 r4c6, r9c4, r9c5, r7c3, r7c5,
 r7c6, r1c6, r5c5, r1c5, r3c5,
 
 r5c4, r3c4, r2c4, r2c8, r2c2,
 r2c7, r2c3, r7c7, r7c8,r9c3,
 
 r9c2, r5c1, r5c2, r3c2, r1c3,
 r3c3, r1c7, r1c8, r6c8, r6c7,
 
 r3c7, r3c1, r1c1.
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 Alan,
 
 Thanks for explaining how you solved this without any pencil marks.  I tried it as well and was surprised to find I could do it!  In looking at how you did it though, I could not see how you got r5c6 = 2, and r6c1 = 4.  Thanks again for presenting this.
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		| alanr555 
 
 
 Joined: 01 Aug 2005
 Posts: 198
 Location: Bideford Devon EX39
 
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				|  Posted: Wed Nov 23, 2005 2:57 am    Post subject: |   |  
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				|  	  | Code: |  	  | > Thanks for explaining how you solved this without any pencil marks.
 > I tried it as well and was surprised to find I could do it!  In looking at
 > how you did it though, I could not see how you got r5c6 = 2, and r6c1
 > = 4.  Thanks again for presenting this.
 
 r5c6 was the 11th placement - derived as follows:
 It was, perhaps, the most tricky of all the placements for this puzzle.
 
 11) The '2' in box 2 must be in row 3 (r3c4 or r3c5)
 The '2' in box 9 must be in row 7
 (row 9 is full and row 8 has a '2' already)
 The '2' in box 8 must be in row 9
 (row 8 has one already and box 9 has the row 7 one)
 The '2' in row 9 must be in r9c4 or r9c5
 
 Now comes a rule learned from Mandatory Pairs work!
 
 "If a digit is constrained to TWO columns out of the three in a
 'broad' column in TWO of the three regions in the same broad
 column, that digit in the third region MUST be in the third column."
 
 The same applies for rows of course. A "broad" column is defined
 as the set of three regions such as r1c1 to r9c3 or r1c4 to r9c6
 or r1c7 to r9c9.
 
 Here the broad column is r1c4 to r9c6.
 There is a 2 in either r3c4 or r3c5.
 There is a 2 in either r9c4 or r9c5.
 Thus the '2' in TWO regions is constrained to TWO columns (4 and 5).
 This means that the '2' in the third region (r4c4 to r6c6) MUST be
 in the third column (here col 6).
 
 This restricts the '2' to r5c6 as a '2' has just been placed in r4c3
 and r6c6 is occupied by a '7'.
 
 NB) Users of candidate profiles may have applied this rule under a
 different name. It has some affinity to the X-wing perhaps but I
 leave that point to be explored by others.
 
 +++
 
 r6c1=4 was the 12th placement
 BY then there is a '4' in row 4 and in row 5 and so the '4' in row 6 is
 relatively easy to find - it must be in box 4!
 r6c2 has clue '3' and r6c3 has a '1' from placement 9.
 Thus r6c1 is the only place remaining for the third '4' in the "broad row"
 that occupies rows 4,5,6.
 
 +++
 
 Congratulations to those who solved it without pencil marks.
 The challenge is different to working on the advanced techniques
 discussed with many of the puzzles - but still a satisfying one.
 As with so many things, the acceptance of the challenge can draw
 on that old phrase - where there is a will, there is way (and as long as
 the way is not 'trial and error', I would commend that way!)
 
 Alan Rayner  BS23 2QT
 
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		| Louise56 
 
 
 Joined: 21 Sep 2005
 Posts: 94
 Location: El Cajon, California  USA
 
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				|  Posted: Wed Nov 23, 2005 11:20 pm    Post subject: |   |  
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				|  	  | alanr555 wrote: |  	  |  	  | Code: |  	  | Congratulations to those who solved it without pencil marks.
 The challenge is different to working on the advanced techniques
 discussed with many of the puzzles - but still a satisfying one.
 As with so many things, the acceptance of the challenge can draw
 on that old phrase - where there is a will, there is way (and as long as
 the way is not 'trial and error', I would commend that way!)
 
 Alan Rayner  BS23 2QT
 
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 Thanks Alan for your responce!
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		| AZ Matt 
 
 
 Joined: 03 Nov 2005
 Posts: 63
 Location: Hiding under my desk in Phoenix AZ USA
 
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				|  Posted: Wed Nov 23, 2005 11:39 pm    Post subject: Re: I'll try to describe "Red" |   |  
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				|  	  | David Bryant wrote: |  	  |  	  | AlanR555 wrote: |  	  | ... I suspect that spotting it will not be easy for one as myopic as myself. | 
 Don't sell yourself short, Alan. We can all learn new tricks. Think of it as getting glasses!
  | 
 Alan
 
 I don't consider that "seeing." That is simply solving for a cell by identifying candidates using only the row and the column. That is one method of solving for a cell, and you discover it as soon as you look for it (and it doesn't require pencil marks). It's when do you look for it that I am curious about. I do not start doing this until after I have tried solving box-by-box using rows and columns as they intersect on box.
 
 So I would not have started there, but I certainly would have gotten there. And that is just a method or technique. I have been hoping to generate some discussion in the general forum about just this -- where do you start, what progressions do you take? Not much to date.
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		| alanr555 
 
 
 Joined: 01 Aug 2005
 Posts: 198
 Location: Bideford Devon EX39
 
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				|  Posted: Thu Nov 24, 2005 3:31 am    Post subject: Re: I'll try to describe "Red" |   |  
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				|  	  | Code: |  	  | > That is one method of solving for a cell, and you discover it as soon
 > as you look for it (and it doesn't require pencil marks).
 
 Indeed. The cell in question was completed as the SIXTH when I did
 the puzzle manually. I doubt that I was wrong to give attention to
 five other "solvable" cells first.
 
 > It is WHEN do you look for it that I am curious about.
 
 I agree that this "When?" question is crucial to discussion about how to
 solve these puzzles in an effective manner. Whilst efficiency is not the
 prime objective, there needs to be a modicum of it if one is not to
 spend all day just 'faffing around" with a puzzle.
 
 > I do not start doing this until after I have tried solving box-by-box
 > using rows and columns as they intersect on box.
 
 I have tended recently to proceed in the following sequence.
 
 a) Broad columns (ie a stack of three regions)
 
 For each broad column, I will look for two occurrences of any digit
 and investigate what can be gleaned from such occurrences.
 
 b) Broad Rows (ie a block of three regions across the grid)
 
 Same procedure as for Broad Columns
 
 c) Consideration of each digit in turn
 
 For each digit 1,2, ... 8,9 I inspect (in greated detail than in a/b above)
 each broad column and then the broad rows.
 
 d) During the processing of 'c', I aim to notice when a row, column or
 region builds up to six resolved cells. Then I derive the "missing" profile
 and look for an intersecting line to any of the blank cells where such
 line contains two digits from the "missing" profile and the target cell
 can then be resolved as the third member of the 'missing' profile. Of
 course it is even better if seven cells are already resolved!
 
 e) Step (d) is essentially an interruption of step (c) but on completion
 of (c), attention is turned more directedly to the "counting" of lines
 and regions - generally addressing first those with the larger number
 of resolved cells. The procedure is the same - identify the 'missing'
 profile and then look at each blank cell to ascertain if the missing digits
 occur in a line at right angles or in the target cell's region.
 
 f) Having done that, I sometimes return then to re-do step 'c' - if I sense
 that sufficient cells have been filled in step (e) to warrant such further
 attention (eg completing a line of three within a region is a powerful aid
 to solution as it can restrict the placement of a digit within another region
 in the same broad row/column to one specific row/column).
 
 g) The next step depends upon what method is being used.
 A manual method with no pencil marks will then continue to look for
 cluses to solution working mainly on 'missing' profiles but working those
 in with the effects derived elsewhere in the puzzle.
 With Mandatory Pairs, a detailed inspection in conjunction with the
 repertoire of M/P techniques may well resolve a few cells.
 
 h) However, in a number of cases, I have to decide to set up the candidate
 profiles. These are much easier to do if the 'missing' profiles have already
 been prepared - as the candidate profiles have to be "congruent" with
 the 'missing' profile. This is also the point to find the 'hidden pairs'
 which lurk in the 'missing profile'. I write this profile at the end of the
 row/column (but do not record it for regions) but separate out the writing
 if hidden pairs are involved (eg {12345} may be written as {25}{134}
 if the line resolves into a pair and a triplet)
 
 i) Usually, one of the rows/columns/regions will be "incongruent" (ie
 the number of unresolved cells may not be equal to the number of
 distinct digits involved in the candidate profiles for the row/column/region
 in context. As that row/column/region is made congruent it is normal
 for some other row/column/region to become incongruent and so the
 process continues.
 
 j) If it transpires that ALL the rows/columns/regions are congruent
 (after meticulous checking!) then one has to consider some form of
 "tie-breaking". For this I generally write out the candidate profiles on
 a separate sheet - using hyphens for resolved cells and cells that
 are not relevant for the particular technique/implementation. This
 gives emphasis to the cells that will assist the resolution - without the
 "noise" of all the other pencil marks on the grid.
 
 These advance techniques often involve some form of binary chain
 and so the 're-written' (selected) profiles can be used for plotting such.
 If new information is gained, this can then be used on the original grid
 to progress it towards solution.
 
 +++
 The above gives an indication of how the solution is approached. I
 doubt that it is efficient! My impression is that  visual "seeing" of a
 pattern can shorten the solution times significantly but we do not
 yet seem to have developed any training for that - either we have it
 or (like myself) we do not!
 
 Perhaps one of the participants in this forum has some experience of
 a significant improvement in solving times once the method of seeking
 or of 'spotting' had changed. This would be useful as most of the time
 human beings tend to pursue the same path as yesterday and only
 rarely choose a new path - despite the fact that human creativity and
 inventiveness can have truly amazing effects. If we can capture the
 moments of transition in our learning/understanding we have the
 potential to serve the wider Sudoku-playing community.
 
 There is some material being posted around at present which refers
 to the mindset of the player and the importance of geting this right
 at the outset and through the process of play. A lot of this is likely to
 be over-emphasised for the sake of the profits of the promoters but
 there is a genuine point below it all. The question will then be whether
 those who acquire both the tranquility and the determination of the right
 mindset find that their play improves and whether they can glean
 some techniques suitable to be shared with the rest of us mere mortals.
 Should we all take up meditation, or would that be a waste of time?
 
 > So I would not have started there, but I certainly would have gotten
 > there.
 As even I did by the sixth placement!
 
 > I have been hoping to generate some discussion in the general forum
 > about just this -- where do you start, what progressions do you take?
 
 I agree that this is a worthwhile aspect to tackle in discussion.
 
 Alan Rayner  BS23 2QT
 
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		| RogerC 
 
 
 Joined: 08 Oct 2005
 Posts: 14
 Location: High Wycombe, Bucks, England
 
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				|  Posted: Thu Nov 24, 2005 7:12 am    Post subject: Night owls |   |  
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				| 
I take my hat off to you, Alan!  Anyone who can write such a lengthy and erudite tract on Su-Dokus at 3:30 in the morning must be a genius.
 
 I thought I got up early at 5a.m.!
 
 Roger.
 
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		| someone_somewhere 
 
 
 Joined: 07 Aug 2005
 Posts: 275
 Location: Munich
 
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				|  Posted: Thu Nov 24, 2005 8:17 am    Post subject: |   |  
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				| Hi, 
 I suspect that Alan is quoting a lot from this own work and uses cut and pastle
   At least this is what I would do, to get to the status of a genius ... ;-)
 
 see u,
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